Analysis of Common Capacity Specifications of Lead-acid Batteries for Forklifts

Time：2025-07-14 10:12:56

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Understanding the common capacity specifications of lead-acid batteries for forklifts is of great significance for rational selection and efficient use of forklifts.

In fields such as logistics warehousing and industrial production, forklifts, as important handling equipment, the performance of their power source - lead-acid batteries - is of vital importance. Among them, the capacity specification of the battery not only affects the working time and efficiency of the forklift, but is also closely related to operating costs, equipment maintenance and other aspects. Understanding the common capacity specifications of lead-acid batteries for forklifts is of great significance for rational selection and efficient use of forklifts.
1. Representation Method of Lead-Acid Battery Capacity for Forklifts
The capacity of lead-acid batteries for forklifts is usually expressed in ampere-hours (Ah). This unit reflects the amount of electricity that a battery can continuously output under specific conditions. For instance, a battery with a capacity of 200Ah, if discharged at a current of 10A, can theoretically be continuously discharged for 20 hours (200Ah÷10A = 20h). However, in actual use, due to the influence of various factors such as discharge rate and temperature, the actual discharge time and capacity of the battery will vary.
2. Common Capacity Specifications and Application Scenarios
Capacity range: 100-300Ah
Lead-acid batteries in this range are commonly found in some small forklifts, such as electric pallet trucks used for short-distance transportation and light-load operations within warehouses. Take a 150Ah capacity battery as an example. This type of forklift is usually flexible to operate and suitable for narrow passage environments. Its working intensity is relatively low. After a single charge, it can meet the intermittent operation requirements within one work shift (about 8 hours), such as in e-commerce warehouses where small-batch goods are frequently put on and taken off the shelves.
2. Capacity range: 300-600Ah
Batteries within this capacity range are widely used in medium-sized forklifts, such as the common 3-5 ton forklifts. This type of forklift is often used in logistics centers, factory workshops and other places, undertaking the task of handling medium-weight goods, with a moderate working distance and intensity. For instance, in an automotive parts manufacturing factory, forklifts need to transport parts from the production line to the temporary storage area or distribution area. A battery with a capacity of around 400Ah can ensure that the forklift operates normally for most of the day and has a certain power reserve to deal with emergencies.
3. Large capacity range above 600Ah
For large forklifts, such as those used in ports and steel mills, they are often equipped with large-capacity lead-acid batteries of over 600Ah. Take 800Ah capacity as an example. These forklifts are mainly used for transporting large and heavy goods. The working environment is complex, the work intensity is high, and the continuous operation time is long. When loading and unloading containers at ports, forklifts need to frequently perform operations such as lifting, transporting and stacking goods. Large-capacity batteries can provide forklifts with long-lasting and stable power, ensuring that they do not run out of power during long-term and high-intensity operations.
3. Factors Influencing Capacity Selection
1. The working intensity and usage frequency of forklifts
Question: If a forklift works for a long time every day and is frequently used, how should the battery capacity be selected?
Answer: When the forklift has a high working intensity and is used frequently, a battery with a larger capacity should be selected. For instance, in logistics parks, forklifts operate continuously from morning till night. Choosing batteries with a capacity of 500Ah or even higher can reduce the number of charging cycles, enhance work efficiency, and prevent production progress from being affected by frequent charging. If a battery with too small a capacity is chosen, it may cause the forklift to run out of power during operation, affecting the continuity of work. It will also shorten the battery life due to excessive discharge.
2. Weight and distance of goods handling
Question: What are the requirements for battery capacity when moving heavy goods over long distances?
Answer: When handling heavier goods and long-distance transportation, forklifts consume more energy, which requires batteries to have a larger capacity. For instance, when transporting building materials at a construction site, the weight of the goods is large and the transportation distance may be long. At this time, a battery with a capacity of over 600Ah is more suitable. Large-capacity batteries can provide sufficient power output to ensure that forklifts have enough power to handle heavy objects, and at the same time guarantee stable power supply during long-distance travel, preventing the inability to complete handling tasks due to insufficient power.
3. Working environment temperature
Temperature has a significant impact on the capacity of lead-acid batteries. In a low-temperature environment, the viscosity of the electrolyte in a storage battery increases, the movement of ions is hindered, and the internal resistance of the battery rises, resulting in a decrease in the actual available capacity. For instance, forklifts working in cold storage facilities need to choose batteries with larger capacity to make up for the capacity loss caused by low temperatures and ensure the normal operation of the forklifts. In high-temperature environments, although the initial capacity of the battery may increase slightly, it will accelerate the aging and water loss of the battery, and also affect the battery's lifespan and performance. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider and reasonably select the capacity.
4. The Relationship between Capacity, Battery Life and Cost
Generally speaking, within the range of reasonable use, batteries with larger capacity tend to have a longer service life. This is because during the charging and discharging process of large-capacity batteries, the current density is relatively small, and the degree of corrosion and sulfation of the plates is relatively light. However, the procurement cost of large-capacity batteries is usually also relatively high. Therefore, when choosing the capacity of a battery, it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as the initial procurement cost, maintenance cost during use, and battery life. For forklifts that are used for a long time and have a high working intensity, it is appropriate to choose large-capacity batteries. Although the initial investment is relatively high, in the long run, it can reduce the overall cost.
Understanding the common capacity specifications of lead-acid batteries for forklifts and the factors influencing capacity selection can help users make more scientific and reasonable decisions when choosing forklifts and configuring batteries. Only by precisely matching the battery capacity based on actual work requirements can the performance advantages of forklifts be fully leveraged, work efficiency be enhanced, and operating costs be reduced.

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