The influence of voltage stability of lead-acid batteries in forklifts on operations

Time：2025-07-26 15:45:02

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In the fields of modern logistics warehousing and industrial production, forklifts play a crucial role, undertaking arduous tasks such as goods handling and loading/unloading.

In the fields of modern logistics warehousing and industrial production, forklifts play a crucial role, undertaking arduous tasks such as goods handling and loading/unloading. The lead-acid battery of the forklift, as its main power source, has a voltage stability like the "pacemaker" of the forklift, which has a profound and crucial impact on the normal operation of the forklift.
The principle of voltage stability of lead-acid batteries
Lead-acid batteries generate electrical energy through internal chemical reactions, and their voltage stability is based on a series of complex chemical and physical processes. Under ideal conditions, the chemical reaction between the two poles of a lead-acid battery is relatively stable, and the ion conduction in the electrolyte is smooth, which keeps the output voltage within a relatively constant range. Question 1: So what factors can affect the voltage stability of lead-acid batteries? The answers include the degree of battery aging, the state of charging and discharging, the temperature of the usage environment, and the density of the electrolyte, etc. As the battery usage time increases, the plates gradually sulfate, the active material decreases, and the internal resistance increases, which will cause voltage fluctuations. During charging, the voltage gradually increases. In the later stage of charging, due to the electrolysis of water, the upward trend of the voltage slows down and tends to stabilize. During the discharge process, as the electricity is consumed, the voltage gradually decreases. In addition, the ambient temperature has a significant impact on voltage stability. For every 1℃ increase in temperature, the voltage of a single cell battery will drop by 4mV, meaning that the voltage of lead-acid batteries has a negative temperature coefficient.
The influence of voltage stability on the operational efficiency of forklifts
Stable voltage is the cornerstone for the efficient operation of forklifts. When the voltage of the lead-acid battery is stable, the motor of the forklift can obtain a continuous and stable power supply, thus ensuring that the forklift can travel at a uniform speed and perform goods lifting and lowering operations smoothly. For instance, in large logistics warehouses, forklifts need to frequently shuttle between shelves to move goods. A stable voltage can ensure that each start, acceleration, steering, as well as the lifting and lowering of goods by the forklift can be precisely and efficiently completed, greatly increasing the volume of goods moved per unit time. However, once the voltage is unstable, the operational efficiency of forklifts will be greatly reduced. If the voltage is too low, the forklift's traveling speed will significantly slow down, and the lifting speed of the goods will also become sluggish. A handling task that could originally be completed within a few minutes may be extended to over ten minutes or even longer, seriously affecting the speed of logistics circulation. Question 2: In which specific operation links does unstable voltage lead to a decrease in operational efficiency? During the starting process of forklifts, if the voltage is unstable, it may lead to difficulties in starting or even failure to start at all. It takes multiple attempts to successfully start, which undoubtedly wastes a lot of time. During the process of lifting goods, unstable voltage can cause the lifting action to become sluggish, making it impossible to lift the goods at a constant speed. This not only affects the smoothness of the operation but also increases the risk of the goods falling. To ensure safety, operators have to slow down the lifting speed, further reducing the operational efficiency.
The influence of voltage stability on the safety of forklift operations
Work safety is the primary concern in forklift operation, and the voltage stability of lead-acid batteries is closely related to safety. A stable voltage ensures the normal operation of safety devices such as the braking system and warning system of the forklift. When a forklift encounters an emergency and needs to brake, a stable voltage can enable the braking motor to respond quickly, generating sufficient braking force to stop the forklift in time and prevent a collision accident. Meanwhile, a stable voltage also ensures that warning lights, alarms and other devices work properly, sending out accurate warning signals to the surrounding people. Conversely, when the voltage is unstable, safety hazards abound. Low voltage may lead to insufficient power in the braking system, increasing the braking distance of the forklift. In narrow working passages, it is highly likely that the forklift will collide with shelves or other obstacles due to the inability to brake in time, resulting in damage to goods, equipment, and even casualties. Question 3: From a safety perspective, apart from affecting the braking system, what other safety aspects of forklifts may be threatened by unstable voltage? Unstable voltage may also cause the power steering system of forklifts to fail, resulting in heavy and inflexible steering, and making it easy to deviate from the intended route when turning, increasing the risk of collision. In addition, unstable voltage may interfere with the electrical control system of forklifts, causing some automatic protection functions to malfunction or fail to work properly, further weakening the safety performance of forklifts.
Methods for maintaining the voltage stability of lead-acid batteries
To ensure the voltage stability of lead-acid batteries in forklifts, a series of scientific and effective maintenance measures need to be taken. First of all, charging and discharging operations must be carried out strictly in accordance with the norms. The charging of lead-acid batteries is generally divided into three stages: constant current charging, constant voltage charging and trickle charging. By following the correct transition of charging stages and control of charging time, the impact of overcharging or undercharging on voltage stability can be effectively avoided. For instance, avoid overcharging the battery when it is still highly charged, nor wait until it has been over-discharged before charging. Secondly, regularly check the density and liquid level of the electrolyte. The density of the electrolyte directly affects the electromotive force of the battery. When the density deviates from the normal range, it needs to be adjusted in time. When the liquid level is too low, distilled water or special electrolyte replenishment liquid should be added. Furthermore, control the ambient temperature of use well. Try to keep the operating environment temperature of the forklift within a range suitable for the operation of lead-acid batteries, such as 5℃ to 35℃. In high-temperature environments, appropriate cooling measures can be taken to prevent abnormal voltage caused by excessive temperature of the battery. Through these maintenance measures, the voltage stability of lead-acid batteries can be maintained to the greatest extent, ensuring the efficient and safe operation of forklifts.
In conclusion, the voltage stability of lead-acid batteries in forklifts runs through the entire operation process of forklifts, being closely related to both operation efficiency and safety. Only by fully recognizing its significance and taking reasonable maintenance measures can forklifts continuously and stably play a role in logistics and industrial production, creating greater value for enterprises.

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